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Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima〔(Profile at Federal Senate website )〕 (born 8 February 1958) is a Brazilian environmentalist and politician. Silva was a colleague of Chico Mendes, who was assassinated for defending the Amazon environment.〔(AP via San Diego Tribune )〕 She was a member of the Worker's Party (PT) until 19 August 2009 and served as a senator before becoming environmental minister in 2003. In 1996, Silva won the Goldman Environmental Prize for South & Central America.〔(Goldman Environmental Prize )〕 In 2007, the United Nations Environment Program named her one of the Champions of the Earth〔(UNEP site )〕 and the 2009 Sophie Prize.〔(The Sophie prize 2009. )〕 Running in the 2010 Brazilian elections for the Green Party (PV), she earned 19.33% of the popular votes. In 2010, she, along with Cécile Duflot, Monica Frassoni, Elizabeth May and Renate Künast, were named by ''Foreign Policy'' magazine to its list of top global thinkers,〔(Top 100 )〕 for taking Green mainstream. In 2012 she was one of the eight people chosen to carry the flag into opening ceremony of the London Olympic Games.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Liberty Director carries the Olympic Flag in opening ceremony )〕 In April 2014, Eduardo Campos announced his candidacy for the October presidential election, naming Marina Silva as his vice presidential candidate.〔(Campos-Silva ticket confirmed in Brazil 2014 election )〕 After Campos's death in a plane crash on 13 August, she was selected to run as the Socialist Party's candidate for the presidency. In December 2014, Marina Silva was elected by the British newspaper "Financial Times" as one of its ''Women of the Year''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Women of 2014: Marina Silva, presidential candidate )〕 == Early life == Marina Silva was born in the small village of Breu Velho, 70 km outside Rio Branco, Acre. Silva is a descendant of Portuguese and black African ancestors in both her maternal and paternal lines.〔(Marina Silva deixa o PT ) 〕 She was one of eleven children in a community of rubber tappers on the ''Bagaço'' rubber tree plantation (Portuguese ''Seringal Bagaço''), in the western state of Acre. Growing up, she survived five bouts of malaria in addition to cases of hepatitis and metal poisoning.〔http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ea83371c-26b4-11e4-bc19-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3AmywxBtH〕 Orphaned at age 16, young Marina moved to the state capital, Rio Branco, to study and receive treatment for hepatitis. She was taken in by nuns in a convent and received a Catholic education. There, she became the first person in her family to learn to read and write. After leaving the convent, she went to work as a housemaid in exchange for lodging.〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28865958〕 She graduated in History from the Federal University of Acre at 26 and became increasingly politically active. In 1984 Silva helped create Acre's first workers' union. She led demonstrations called ''empates'' with Chico Mendes to warn against deforestation and the outplacement of forest communities from their traditional locations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marina Silva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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